1IFTIKHAR AHMAD ASIM SYED, 2ASIM RIAZ, 3MICHAEL O REILLY

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Microalbuminuria is a known marker of kidney disease. It is used to monitor chronic kidney disease in diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Its association with early cardiovascular disease is well established. Microalbuminuria is hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, which is the early step in progressive atherosclerosis. Urine Albumin-to-creatinine ratio is preferred method of measurement of microalbuminuria and is performed on a spot urine sample. It is a precise index of urinary albumin excretion and is not affected by state of hydration, osmotic diuresis and concentrating defects. MA and endothelial dysfunction are interrelated and very appropriately called as "vicious twins"; they are implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.

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1-3 Department of Cardiology, Waterford Regional Hospital, United Kingdom